Snapper 2 1 10

(Redirected from AT-1 Snapper)

• Snapper 2108202sm
• Snapper 2100hhb
• Snapper 2100hhb Spark Plug

Directed by Stephen Frears. With Colm Meaney, Tina Kellegher, Ruth McCabe, Eanna MacLiam. Set in Ireland, Sharon Curley is a 20 year old living with her parents and many brothers and sisters. Snapper, the builder of the industry's first self-propelled rotary lawn mower in 1951, is a leader in making yard products that are easy-to-use and easy-to-own. Today, Snapper offers one of the widest selections of outdoor power equipment like walk mowers, riding tractors, zero turn mowers, leaf blowers, string trimmers and hedge trimmers.

3M6 Shmel / AT-1 Snapper anti-tank missiles.

The 3M6 Shmel (Russian: 3М6 «Шмель»; English: bumblebee) is an MCLOSwire-guidedAnti-tank missile of the Soviet Union. Its GRAU designation is '3M6' and its NATO reporting name is AT-1 Snapper.

Too large to be manportable, it was typically deployed from specialised vehicles or helicopters. The missile was intended to supplement traditional anti-tank weapons, like the 100 mm anti-tank gun whose accuracy beyond 1,500 m is poor. The missile's accuracy in contrast remained high as far as its maximum range of 2,000 m.

However, the system's bulk, slow speed and poor combat accuracy drove development of later SACLOS systems, like the AT-5 Spandrel.

Development[edit]

The 3M6Shmel was based on the western ATGMs of the time, such as the Nord Aviation SS.10; however, it is considerably larger. It was developed by the Special Mortar Design Bureau (SKB Gladkostvolnoi Artillery) in Kolomna, who were also responsible for the AT-3 Sagger.

Development of the missile proceeded rapidly, with the first unguided flights in April 1958 followed by controlled flights in June and July 1958. On 28 August 1959, the new technology was shown to the command of armed forces. On 1 August 1960, it was accepted into the service. It was first publicly displayed in 1963.

History[edit]

2P26 in Batey ha-Osef Museum, Israel.

Polish 2P27

There were two ground-based platforms for the missile

• 2P26 Based on the unarmored GAZ-69 light truck - with four backward pointing launch rails. The control station can be deployed up to 30 m away from the launcher vehicle. It entered service in 1960
• 2P27 Based on the armored BRDM-1 - with three pop up launch rails protected by an armored cover. It entered service in 1964.

These vehicles were deployed in anti-tank batteries attached to motor rifle regiments. Each battery has three platoons, each with three launch vehicles and a single command BRDM.

While a few were used by Egyptian forces during the 1967 Six-Day War and from 1969 in the War of Attrition, only one tank loss was attributed to the system. The system's hit probability is estimated to have been 25% in combat^{[citation needed]}.

The system was also used by the Cypriot National Guard during the 1974 Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in a man-portable version. Several dozen shots were fired in action during a number of July and August engagements in the conflict, with low effectiveness. Sampleson reed200 vst au standalone 1 0 download free.

North Korea began producing a reverse-engineered version of the missile in 1975.

Description[edit]

The missile is guided to the target by means of a joystick, which requires some skill on the part of the operator. The operator's adjustments are transmitted to the missile via a thin wire that trails behind the missile.

The missile is steered by an unconventional arrangement of vibrating spoilers. Prefedit 4 3 15.

As stated before, MCLOS requires considerable skill on the part of the operator. The system's effectiveness in combat drove the development of missiles based on the easier to use SACLOS system.

One problem with the missile is the amount of time it takes to reach maximum range—around 20 seconds—giving the intended target time to take action, either by retreating behind an obstacle, laying down a smoke screen or firing on the operator. Also, the large size of the missile means that only a few rounds can be carried; the BRDM-1 vehicle can only carry three missiles.

Operators[edit]

Map with 3M6 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators[edit]

• Afghanistan
• Egypt
• Hungary
• Mongolia
• North Korea
• Romania
• Syria

Former operators[edit]

• Bulgaria
• Cuba
• Cyprus - Seen combat.
• Czechoslovakia
• East Germany
• Poland
• Soviet Union
• Yugoslavia - 500

Captured operators[edit]

Snapper 2108202sm

• Israel - Captured units from Egypt and Syria.

General characteristics[edit]

Snapper 2100hhb

• Length: 1150 mm
• Wingspan: 750 mm
• Diameter: 136 mm
• Launch weight: 22.5 kg
• Speed: 90 to 110 m/s
• Range: 500 m to 2.3 km
• Time to maximum range: 20 seconds
• Guidance: wire-guidedMCLOS
• Warhead: 5.4 kg HEAT 300 mm vs RHA

References[edit]

• Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present. Darlington Productions. ISBN1-892848-01-5.
• Jane's Weapon Systems 1977
• https://web.archive.org/web/20051215175233/http://waronline.org/IDF/Articles/firstATGM.htmin Russian

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 3M6 Shmel.

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3M6_Shmel&oldid=960858592'

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Ingredients

• 2 large eggs
• 1 teaspoon chopped parsley All-purpose flour, for dredging
• 1 8-ounce yellowtail Snapper filet, boneless and skinless
• 3 ounces canola oil Salt and black pepper, to taste Lemon sauce (see recipe) Chopped parsley, for garnish
• 1 Using a shallow bowl or pie plate, whisk together eggs, 2 tablespoons water and parsley. Season with salt and pepper, and set aside.

Snapper 2100hhb Spark Plug

Preparation

Step 1

1 Using a shallow bowl or pie plate, whisk together eggs, 2 tablespoons water and parsley. Season with salt and pepper, and set aside.
2 Place flour in a shallow bowl or pie plate. Season with salt and pepper, to taste. Dredge fish in flour and egg wash to coat.
3 Using a medium saute pan over medium-high heat, heat the oil. Saute the fish on both sides until golden brown and cooked through.
4 Transfer fish to a serving plate and top with Lemon sauce. Sprinkle with parsley and serve immediately.
Makes 1 generous serving.
Nutrition information per serving: 853 calories, 65% calories from fat, 62 g fat, 20 g saturated fat, 468 mg cholesterol, 9 g carbohydrates, 57 g protein, 840 mg sodium, 0 g fiber
Lemon sauce
½ cup Chablis
3 tablespoons lemon juice
½ cup chicken broth
2 tablespoons butter, cold, cut in half Salt and white pepper, to taste
1 Using the same saute pan as the fish, drain the oil and place on medium-high heat. Add the Chablis, lemon juice and chicken broth. Season with salt and pepper, to taste. Reduce liquid by half.
2 Remove pan from heat and whisk in butter, 1 tablespoon at a time. Serve immediately.
Makes about 1/3 cup.
Nutrition information per 1/3 cup: 242 calories, 83% calories from fat, 22 g fat, 14 g saturated fat, 63 mg cholesterol, 5 g carbohydrates, 1 g protein, 481 mg sodium, 0 g fiber

​

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Operation Tumbler–Snapper
Photograph taken milliseconds after detonation of nuclear device from the 'Tumbler-Snapper' test series. (The shot tower is faintly visible below fireball; downward spikes are termed 'rope tricks'.)
Information
Country	United States
Test site	NTS Areas 5, 11, Frenchman Flat NTS, Areas 1–4, 6–10, Yucca Flat
Period	1952
Number of tests	8
Test type	free air drop, tower
Max. yield	31 kilotonnes of TNT (130 TJ)
Test series chronology
Operation Ivy →

Map all coordinates in 'Operation Tumbler–Snapper' using:OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:KML·GPX

Operation Tumbler–Snapper was a series of atomic tests conducted by the United States in early 1952 at the Nevada Test Site. The Tumbler–Snapper series of tests followed Operation Buster–Jangle, and preceded Operation Ivy.

The Tumbler phase, sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission consisted of three airdrops which were intended to help explain discrepancies in the actual and estimated blast shock wave damage noted on previous detonations, and to establish more accurately the optimum height of burst.

The Snapper phase, sponsored by the Department of Defense consisted of one airdrop and four tower shots intended to test various new weapons developments.^[1]

The military exercise Desert Rock IV, involving 7350 soldiers, took place during the test series. Tipard mac video converter ultimate 9 2 16 download free. They trained during the Charlie, Dog, and George shots and observed shot Fox.^[2]

United States' Tumbler–Snapper series tests and detonations

Name [note 1]	Date time (UT)	Local time zone[note 2][3]	Location[note 3]	Elevation + height [note 4]	Delivery,[note 5] Purpose [note 6]	Device[note 7]	Yield[note 8]	Fallout[note 9]	References	Notes
Able	April 1, 1952 17:00:07.5	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 5 36°47′54″N115°56′11″W / 36.7983°N 115.9364°W	940 m (3,080 ft) + 240 m (790 ft)	free air drop, weapon effect	Mk-4	1 kt	I-131 venting detected, 140 kCi (5,200 TBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]	U-235 core, same as Ranger/Able.
Baker	April 15, 1952 17:29:57.1	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 7 37°05′03″N116°01′13″W / 37.0841°N 116.0203°W	1,280 m (4,200 ft) + 340 m (1,120 ft)	free air drop, weapon effect	Mk-4	1 kt	I-131 venting detected, 140 kCi (5,200 TBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]
Charlie	April 22, 1952 17:30:10.0	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 7 37°05′04″N116°01′16″W / 37.0844°N 116.0211°W	1,280 m (4,200 ft) + 1,050 m (3,440 ft)	free air drop, weapons development	Mk-4	31 kt	I-131 venting detected, 4.6 MCi (170 PBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]	Proof test of new core (?). First blast broadcast live on TV. Desert Rock IV.
Dog	May 1, 1952 16:29:59.1	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 7 37°05′03″N116°01′16″W / 37.0841°N 116.0211°W	1,280 m (4,200 ft) + 320 m (1,050 ft)	free air drop, weapons development	TX-7	19 kt	I-131 venting detected, 2.9 MCi (110 PBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]	Tested deuterium (without tritium) gas fusion boosting. Investigate rope trick. Desert Rock IV.
Easy	May 7, 1952 12:14:59.3	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 1 37°03′11″N116°06′23″W / 37.053°N 116.1064°W	1,294 m (4,245 ft) + 90 m (300 ft)	tower, weapons development	Mk-12 'BROK-1'	12 kt	I-131 venting detected, 1.8 MCi (67 PBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]	First use of beryllium as tamper.
Fox	May 25, 1952 11:59:59.6	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 4 37°05′44″N116°06′23″W / 37.0955°N 116.1064°W	1,300 m (4,300 ft) + 90 m (300 ft)	tower, weapons development	TX-5 'XR1'	11 kt	I-131 venting detected, 1.6 MCi (59 PBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]	Designed to test the initiation/yield curve. Calibration test for TOM polonium/beryllium internal initiator. Desert Rock IV.
George	June 1, 1952 11:54:59.8	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 3 37°02′53″N116°01′19″W / 37.048°N 116.022°W	1,229 m (4,032 ft) + 90 m (300 ft)	tower, weapons development	TX-5 'XR-2'	15 kt	I-131 venting detected, 2.2 MCi (81 PBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]	Tested an external betatron initiator that shot x-rays into the core, which induced neutrons by photofission. Desert Rock IV.
How	June 5, 1952 11:55:00.3	PST (−8 hrs)	NTS Area 2 37°08′19″N116°07′07″W / 37.1386°N 116.1187°W	1,370 m (4,490 ft) + 90 m (300 ft)	tower, weapons development	TX-12 'Scorpion'	14 kt	I-131 venting detected, 2.1 MCi (78 PBq)	[4][5][6][7][8]	First test to use a beryllium neutron reflector/tamper.

1. ^The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in 'name1 – 1(with name2)'. If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
2. ^To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
3. ^Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. '~' indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
4. ^Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is 'N/A'. In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while '0' means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
5. ^Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
6. ^Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
7. ^Designations for test items where known, '?' indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
8. ^Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
9. ^Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and 'all' if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.

References[edit]

A clip of a mushroom cloud during Operation Tumbler-Snapper. Background color change is photographic artifact; vertical smoke trails allow for making shock wave visible.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Operation Tumbler-Snapper.

1. ^Byrnes, V. A. (1953). Flash blindness. Operation SNAPPER. Nevada Proving Grounds, April-June 1952, Project 4.5. School of Aerospace Medicine. Brooks A.F.B. Texas.
2. ^'Operation TUMBLER SNAPPER Fact Sheet'(PDF). Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Archived from the original(PDF) on February 18, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2013.Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
3. ^'Time Zone Historical Database'. iana.com. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
4. ^ ^abcdefghEstimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American people from Iodine-131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests, Chapter 2(PDF), National Cancer Institute, 1997, retrieved January 5, 2014
5. ^ ^abcdefghSublette, Carey, Nuclear Weapons Archive, retrieved January 6, 2014
6. ^ ^abcdefghHansen, Chuck (1995), The Swords of Armageddon, Vol. 8, Sunnyvale, CA: Chukelea Publications, ISBN978-0-9791915-1-0
7. ^ ^abcdefghUnited States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992(PDF) (DOE/NV-209 REV15), Las Vegas, NV: Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office, December 1, 2000, archived from the original(PDF) on October 12, 2006, retrieved December 18, 2013
8. ^ ^abcdefghYang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000), CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3), SMDC Monitoring Research

• Robert Standish Norris and Thomas B. Cochran. 'United States Nuclear Tests July 1945 to 31 December 1992'(PDF). NRDC NWD 94-1. Archived from the original(PDF) on September 27, 2014. Retrieved November 12, 2007.Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Griggs, D. T., and Frank Press (1961). 'Probing the earth with nuclear explosions'. Journal of Geophysical Research. 66 (1): 237–258. doi:10.1029/jz066i001p00237. hdl:2027/mdp.39015077588872.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

External links[edit]

• Operation Tumbler–Snapper is available for free download at the Internet Archive
• The short film A-Bomb Blast Effects (1959) is available for free download at the Internet Archive

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tumbler–Snapper&oldid=971930945'